鸚鵡的身體語言UNDERSTANDING YOUR BIRD'S BODY LANGUAGE
作者: Theresa Jordan (http://www.birdsnways.com/wisdom/ww15eii.htm)
譯者: 店員
要與你的鳥維持良好而成功的關係, 其中一項重要因素是要明白及瞭解鳥的鳴叫聲以及牠們的身體語言究竟代表甚麼。鳥兒懂得利用聲音、行為及動作去與我們溝通; 通過牠們的身體語言及鳴叫, 牠們會告訴我們是否開心、滿足、受驚、生病、飢餓、疲倦、發怒以及何時需要撫摸和親近。溝通是建立任何關係的主要因素, 要馴服或訓練你的鳥, 以及讓牠們最佳的照顧, 你必須要明白牠們的叫聲, 行為以及其意義。
鸚鵡的身體語言UNDERSTANDING YOUR BIRD'S BODY LANGUAGE
作者: Theresa Jordan (http://www.birdsnways.com/wisdom/ww15eii.htm)
譯者: 店員
吹口哨、唱歌、說話(Whistling, Singing, Talking)
當鳥兒覺得安全、適舒和高興時便會出現這些行為,一般來說會在晨早日出或黃昏日落時出現,但若鳥兒覺得心情特別好時也會聽到!
打噴嚏(Sneezing)
引起鳥兒打噴嚏的原因跟人類一樣:因為灰塵、鼻癢、被細小的昆蟲進入鼻腔或吸入絨毛等等。但若鳥兒同時打噴嚏及流鼻水,就要立刻帶鳥去看獸醫了。
翅膀及身體擅抖(Wing and Body Quivering)
擅抖的翅膀通常表示鳥兒正處於驚慌、緊張、不安或不信任的情緒。此時應停止進一步的接觸,同時以柔和及令鳥兒放心的聲線向牠說話以緩和鳥兒的情緒。若鳥兒全身擅抖,特別是下腹部,你可以看到下腹的羽毛在震動,表示鳥兒正調較身體溫度以適應環境中突如其來的氣溫轉變。
鸚鵡的身體語言UNDERSTANDING YOUR BIRD'S BODY LANGUAGE
作者: Theresa Jordan (http://www.birdsnways.com/wisdom/ww15eii.htm)
譯者: 店員
步行(Marching)
若鳥兒壓低頭部向著某人或另一隻鳥走去, 這是預備攻擊的姿態, 鳥兒想藉此威嚇入侵者離開;若鳥兒抬高頭向著某人或另一隻鳥走去,經常表示鳥兒很高興看到這人或鳥,亦可以當作是鳥兒想邀請該人或鳥一起玩耍、整理羽毛或撫弄。
休息(Perching)
單腳站步: 表示鳥兒覺得身處一個舒適及安全的環境。一隻安心的鳥兒睡覺時會把一隻腳縮起並藏於腹部, 並擰轉頭部藏在背後的羽毛內。
1. Bird stops eating, eats much less than normally, or suddenly changes eating preferences.
1. 鳥兒停止進食,比平日明顯吃少了或突然之間轉變了牠的食物偏好。
2. There are no feces being produced or very tiny amount of feces.
2. 沒有或只排出極少量的便便。
3. Urine (white part of droppings) turns yellow, very pasty, or extremely watery.
3. 尿液(排洩物白色的部份)呈黃色,糊狀或極之水汪汪的形態。
4. Feces are bright green, yellowish green and/or extremely watery. (Note: fruit and/or vegetables in the diet can cause changes in the color or consistency in the feces and this is normal. Example- eating beet root or yams will cause bright red or orange droppings so do not be alarmed!)
4. 便便呈鮮綠色,微黃綠色和十分之稀溜溜。(注意: 吃過量的蔬果或會改變便便的顏色,這是正常的。如吃了甜菜頭或蕃薯便便會呈橙紅色。)
5. Bird seems depressed- stops talking and/or reacting to you as it normally does.
5. 鳥兒神情沮喪,停止說話或向你反應出一些不正常的行為。
6. Bird has fluffed feathers, and is sleeping on both feet during the day or at a time when it is normally active (birds normally sleep on one foot).
6. 鳥兒鬆起羽毛和日間減少活動及多睡,並在睡時雙腳站立(註:雀鳥睡覺時通常會單腳站立。
7. Bird has unkempt appearance as if it has not been preening its feathers.
Feathers may appear dirty and ruffled.
7. 鳥兒外表骯髒像是沒有用嘴去打理牠的羽毛。
8. Eyes appear dull or squinting- bird is not opening its eyelids fully. Eyelids may be reddened or puffy; or eyes are sealed shut.
8. 眼睛看來笨鈍或斜視,甚至不完全把眼睛張開。眼皮變紅或腫脹或緊閉不開。
9. Bird's tail bobs up and down with each breath showing respiratory difficulty; might wheeze or have clicking noise when it inhales
9. 尾部上下震動呼吸有困難,或呼吸時有雜音發出喝哧喝哧地的聲響。
10. Bird repeatedly sneezes; fluid is coming from nostrils or mouth or nostrils appear to be clogged. (Note: birds occasionally sneeze just as humans do with no serious problem indicated. )
10. 不斷的打噴嚏,鼻孔或口部有液體流出或鼻孔有物體阻礙。
11. Bird vomits and/or passes its food undigested in its feces.
11. 鳥兒嘔吐或在其糞便中發現未消化的食物。
12. Bird suddenly loses the majority of its wing and/or tail feathers.(Note: Birds lose these feathers in a normal molt but not all at once.)
12. 鳥兒突然脫掉了翼毛或尾毛。(鳥兒只會在換毛時才會脫毛)
13. Bird loses weight; feels "light" when it is picked up; the keel bone in the chest appears sharp or the chest is V-shaped instead of U-shaped (this is a sign of a very serious problem!)
13. 鳥兒持續減輕了體重,胸部呈V字狀而非正常的U字狀。用手撫摸可感覺到胸骨突出。(這情況十分危險,大家要小心處理)
14. Bird appears to have difficult breathing and might be unresponsive.
14. 鳥兒呈現呼吸困難和反應遲鈍。
15. Bird is panting with its wings held out at an odd angle from its body (this is indicative of an overheated bird- put it in a cooler area IMMEDIATELY!)
15. 鳥兒不斷的將兩翼下垂地張開。(這是牠過熱的反應, 馬上把牠置於陰涼的地方)
16. Bird is shivering and appears to be cold; feathers are constantly fluffed. (this is indicative of a bird that is cold and could be seriously ill; provide warmth with a heating pad set on LOW- never use one on HIGH setting!)
16. 鳥兒不停的戰慄, 好像著涼; 羽毛不斷地鬆起 。( 這是牠患傷風感冒的跡象, 病情可變得很嚴重; 先用暖燈膽替牠保暖。但溫暖切莫太高!)
17. Bird has abnormally rough or scaly area on its legs and feet and/or around its beak (this could be indicative of mites).
17. 鳥兒的腿部、足部或啄部出現粗糙或鱗狀物。(牠可能受到虱或蟎的侵害!)
18. Bird appears weak and/or unable to sit on a perch.
18. 鳥兒看來很弱, 甚至無力抓緊棲枝 。
19. Bird has an unusual and/or unpleasant odor that was not previously present.
19. 鳥兒散發出異常或難聞的氣味, 是牠以前沒有的。
20. Bird drinks an unusually large quantity of water and there are very watery dropping resulting.
20. 鳥兒不尋常地飲大量的水又排出水汪汪的糞便。
21. Bird has a "rash" on its skin or is picking at a raw area of skin.
21. 鳥兒的皮膚出疹或牠啄咬皮膚。
22. If a bird is scratched by a cat, please take the bird to an avian veterinarian immediately!
22. 如鳥兒曾被貓抓過, 請立即帶牠去看獸醫。
(2)導致此症狀的可能原因為何?
許多原因會造成鳥結膜發炎,眼眶浮腫。大致可分為以下數種原因:
a. 病毒感染:痘病毒,副粘液病毒,乳突狀病毒等。
b. 細菌感染:葡萄球菌,鏈球菌,大腸桿菌,假單孢菌,結核菌,梭菌,巴氏桿菌等。
c. 披衣菌感染。(鸚鵡病)
d. 黴菌感染。
e. 黴漿菌感染。
f. 寄生蟲感染,如線蟲,疥癬蟲,弓漿蟲等
g. 營養缺乏,如維他命A缺乏。
h. 異物刺激,外傷:落入眼睛的粉塵,植物種子,或阿摩尼亞等具刺激性的氣體,可能會刺激眼睛。被其他鳥啄傷或撞傷也可能導致眼眶腫脹。
j. 腫瘤。
k. 中毒:食入少數有毒植物可能讓鳥兒畏光,結膜發炎。
(3)如何治療?
必需先區別導致鳥兒結膜炎及眼眶充血腫脹的複雜原因,才有辦法給藥。
a. 保定:為了避免鳥兒掙扎或咬人,小型鳥可用一手姆指及食指扣住頭部,其餘三指握住身體。大型鳥則需用毛巾包裹整個身體,只露出頭部。
b. 用生理食鹽水將眼皮外的分泌物及痂皮沖洗乾淨,再檢查眼瞼內是否有異物或腫瘤。若有異物,可用人工淚液或生理食鹽水沖出,或者小心的用鑷子夾出。
c. 給予人工淚液或廣效性抗生素眼藥膏或藥水,成份如Polymyxin B, Neomycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenical。角膜若有潰瘍,不可給予含類固醇的眼藥。
d. 病毒性疾病引起的眼疾,只能給予支持療法,避免細菌或黴菌繼發性感染。補充維他命A以治療營養缺乏性眼疾。
e. 如果治療無效,需做病原培養及藥物敏感性測驗。
f. 如果是系統性疾病(鳥兒除了眼疾之外,還有其他如肺炎,嘔吐下痢等症狀),需配合系統性給藥,如投予抗生素,抗黴菌性或補充電解質,維他命。